Lit. "earth-bound spirit"; a spirit who has a strong attachment to the place of its death and is therefore bound to it as a spirit. The attachment is usually an intense hatred towards someone or something. This bound is not easily broken, and requires the use of very strong powers in a ceremony such as reidouhou.

Lit. "Path of Hell"; the lowest, cruelest realm of the Six Realms of Buddhism, filled with torture and aggression.

Lit.: "earth-energy barrier"; one type of juso-kekkai which is erected for the purpose of manipulating the 'mood' or 'energy' of the earth, which in turn influences all living beings and spirits within its radius. It can be used to brainwash people, as in the case of a saimin-kekkai.

Also known as: Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Jikokuten, He Who Upholds the Realm, is one of the Four Heavenly Kings and guardian of the East. He is the god of music, and his symbolic weapon is the pipa (sometimes called the Chinese lute), which he uses to convert others to Buddhism. He is harmonious and compassionate and commands an army of Kendatsuba (celestial musicians) and Bishasha (vampire demons) to protect all beings.

A mountain located on the border between Hachiouji City, Tokyo and Sagamihara City, Kanagawa Prefecture. It was chosen as one of the 50 scenic locations of Kanagawa Prefecture.

The name of the mountain was once written with the characters 陣場 (pronounced the same), which literally means "place of encampment", and it was thus named because it was the place where the Takeda army camped during its attack on the Houjou Takiyama Castle. The name was changed to its present form with "place" replaced by "horse" in the 1950s when the Keio Corporation built a white horse at the summit to promote tourism.

Great General Jinja, also known as Great King Jinja, is a Buddhist guardian deity often mentioned as one of the sixteen virtuous deities in the Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra.

He is described as wearing a necklace of skulls and a skirt of elephant hide, sometimes carrying a spear or snake.

A small shrine to Jinja-ou, the god who helped Shoudou cross the Daiya River by casting down a pair of snakes to formed a bridge.

The current shrine was rebuilt in 1978.

Jirou-kun, Ichirou-kun, and Saburou-kun are the monikers Yuuri gives to the trio of sharks he meets when he lands in the ocean on his third trip to Shinma Kingdom.

The names are from an action-adventure video game called Ookami, which combines Japanese mythology and folklore to tell the story of the Shinto sun goddess, Amaterasu, saving the land from darkness. In the game, Jirou and Saburou are male and female crab demons which combine together to form Ichirou the shark.

Also known as: Hatakeyama Yoshiharu (畠山義春), Uesugi Masashige (上杉政繁)

Son of Hatakeyama Yoshitsugu, he was one of Uesugi Kenshin's adopted sons. His legal wife was the daughter of Nagao Masakage.

In the beginning he was taken by Kenshin as a hostage, but his abilities were noticed by Kenshin, who adopted him. He became the head of the Joujou-Uesugi Clan and married one of Uesugi Kagekatsu's sisters. He was distantly related to the Uesugi Clan and was content with his standing within the clan. He distinguished himself in the numerous battles Uesugi fought against Oda Nobunaga and Houjou Ujimasa.

He fought for Kagekatsu in the Otate no Ran after Kenshin's death. Afterwards, he fought and checked invasion by the Oda army several times and was made master of Kaidu Castle. In 1584, his son (Kagekatsu's nephew) was sent to Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Kagekatsu had no sons of his own at the time). In compensation, he was exempted from military service.

In 1586, he accompanied Kagekatsu to the capital, but afterwards he left the Uesugi Clan, leaving his wife and children behind. In rage, Kagekatsu confined Masashige's wife (his sister) and children for almost ten years. There are various theories regarding the reasons for Masashige's defection, including slander from Naoe Kanetsugu, Kagekatsu's trusted commander and advisor, a close relationship with Shibata Shigeie, and mistrust from Kagekatsu because Masashige was also one of Kenshin's adopted sons.

He later became a vassal of Tokugawa Ieyasu and changed his family name back to Hatakeyama. He fought for Ieyasu in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 and lived in Edo until his death.

The period of Japanese pre-history from 14,000 BC to 400 BC during which the Joumon people created some of the first pottery in the world, characterized by markings made with sticks wrapped with cords.

Also called: Jouyama

Lit.: "Castle Mountain", located in the north-west of Matsumoto City.