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Osaka-jou Kouen (大阪城公園)

Osaka Castle Park is a public park located at the site of Osaka Castle in central Osaka City and is the second largest park in the city. The site was the location of Ishiyama Hongan Temple, headquarters of the Ikkou Sect, destroyed by Oda Nobunaga in 1580. Toyotomi Hideyoshi began construction of Osaka Castle there three years later.

Osaka-shi (大阪市)

The City of Osaka is the capital of Osaka Prefecture and the commercial and gourmet food center of Japan.

Otate (御館)

Uesugi Kenshin built the Otate in present-day Niigata Prefecture as residence for Uesugi Norimasa, Kantou Kanrei, when the latter escaped from Hira Castle in 1552, which was under attack by Houjou Ujiyasu with 20,000 soldiers, and sought aid from Kenshin (Nagao Kagetora at the time) at Kasugayama Castle. Kenshin later used the Otate as his public government office.

In 1578, after Kenshin's death, Kagetora escaped from Kasugayama Castle and set up his headquarters at Otate on June 18th during the Otate no Ran. Kagekatsu attacked Otate in February of the following year, finally destroying it by flame in April after Kagetora and his family had evacuated.

Nothing of the building (which had not been grandiose in the first place) remains today; the area is now mostly devoted to housing districts with a small "Otate Park."

Ouu-no-kuni (奥羽)

Name for the combined provinces of Mutsu and Dewa.

Owari-no-kuni (尾張国)

The western half of present-day Aichi Prefecture, this province was the birthplace of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Peace Park (平和公演)

Peace Park in Nagasaki was built in 1955 to commemorate the atomic bomb dropped on the city on August 9, 1945. The bomb's hypocenter is located in nearby Hypocenter Park and is marked by a monument with a black pillar. Each year on the anniversary of the bombing, the mayor of Nagasaki delivers a peace declaration in the Peace Memorial Ceremony.

Reihi-kaku (霊庇閣)

Reihi Tower was built in 1654 near Kanmangafuchi by Koukai during the founding of Jiun Temple as a devotion to Fudou Myouou. Monks performed the Buddhist rite of cedar-stick burning there and prayed for peace and tranquility. The statue of Fudou Myouou placed there no longer exists, and the entire structure was washed away by a flood in 1902. The current structure was a restoration built in 1971 by Rinnou Temple.

Rinnou-ji (輪王寺)

Rinnou Temple is a Tendai Buddhist complex located in Nikkou, Tochigi Prefecture. It was founded by in 766 by Holy Priest Shoudou and became an attractive retreat for those seeking solitude due to its location deep in the mountains of Japan.

In 1590, during the Siege of Odawara, Toyotomi Hideyoshi seized the temple for supporting the Houjou side, causing its decline. However, during the Tokugawa Shogunate Tenkai became the chief priest of the temple and began its revival.

Many structures and artifacts within the temple are designated National Treasures or Important Cultural Properties. One of the most famous is its main building, Sanbutsudou (三仏堂) or Three Buddha Hall, so-named because it houses large gold lacquered wooden statues of Amida, Senju-Kannon ("Kannon with a thousand arms") and Bato-Kannon ("Kannon with a horse head"). The three deities are regarded as Buddhist manifestations of the three mountain deities of Nikkou enshrined at Futarasan Shrine.

The Black Gate, which is uniformly black from its pillars to its roof tiles, guards the entrance to both Sanbutsudou and the Treasure House.

The Kaizandou, or Founder's Hall, enshrines Shoudou and is located to the north of Toushou Shrine.

Rokujou-gawara (六条河原)

A place along the Kamo River riverbank in Kyoto frequently used in ancient times to execute political rebels. Also an ancient battlefield.

Rokumeikan (鹿鳴館)

The Rokumeikan was a large two-story building commissioned by Foreign Minister Inoue Kaoru for the housing of foreign guests in Tokyo, designed by Western architect Josiah Conder and completed in 1883. Its purpose was to impress Western visitors, and it became famous for its elaborate banquets and balls, with Japanese gentlemen and ladies in European evening wear dancing Western-style dances such as the waltz and quadrille.

Roppongi (六本木)

A district located in Minato Ward, Tokyo, popular among business people and for its nightlife.

Ryuuou-zan (龍王山)

Lit.: "Dragon-King Mountain", so named as a prayer to the gods for rain (the Dragon King is the god of rain). Located near Tenri City in Nara, Mt. Ryouuou is home to the Chougaku Temple and at one time the Ryuuouzan Castle.

Ryuuouzan-jou (竜王山城)

Lit.: "Dragon-King Mountain Castle"; a castle built on Mount Ryuuou behind Chougaku Temple by Toichi Tootada around 1533. It was one of the largest castles in Yamato, divided into a North Castle and a South Castle (the North Castle alone was second only in size to Shigisan Castle). Tootada died in 1545, and his son and heir Toichi Tookatsu became master of the castle. When Miyoshi Nagayoshi took power in the capital, his vassal Matsunaga Hisahide invaded Yamato. Tookatsu formed an alliance with Tsutsui Junkei to fight him, but his daughter was taken prisoner, and Tookatsu submitted to Hisahide.

In 1564 at Miyoshi Nagayoshi's death, Tsutsui Junkei formed an alliance with the "Miyoshi Triumvirate" against Matsunaga Hisahide. Toichi Tookatsu was unable to defend Ryuuouzan Castle against the Akiyama Clan, who were allied with Matsunaga. He abandoned Ryuuouzan Castle, and the Akiyama Clan set fire to the castle and countryside. This led to the legend of the 'hoihoi fires' (also known as the 'janjan fires'), which says that on a summer evening when it looks like rain, firefalls will come flying at the person who shouts 'hoihoi' towards the castle ruins.

Saga-shi (佐賀市)

Saga City is the capital city of Saga Prefecture, located on Kyushu, the most southwesterly of Japan's four main islands.

Sagami no Umi (相模の海)

Also known as: Sagami Gulf, Sagami Bay

A bay with a temperate climate located south of Kanagawa Prefecture, around 25 southwest of Tokyo.

Sagami-no-kuni (相模国)

An ancient province in south-central Japan which was ruled by the Later Houjou Clan during the Sengoku Period. Now a part of Kanagawa Prefecture.

Saijo-yama (妻女山)

A mountain used by Uesugi Kenshin during the Battle of Kawanakajima as one of his camps.

Saitama-ken (埼玉県)

A prefecture located in the Kantou Region of Japan on the main island of Honshuu which borders Tokyo. It was formerly part of the ancient province of Musashi, which was the largest province in the Kantou and also produced much of the food that fed the region. Its capital is the city of Saitama.

The prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, and a large number of its residents commute to Tokyo each day from Saitama's cities, which can be described as suburbs of Tokyo.

Sakamoto Castle (坂本城)

A castle built by Akechi Mitsuhide in 1571 after he received Shiga-gun in Oumi from Oda Nobunaga. It fell to the army of Toyotomi Hideyoshi after the defeat of Mitsuhide in the Battle of Yamazaki. It was rebuilt by Niwa Nagahide, but was demolished 1586 to fortify Ootsu Castle.

Samegao-jou (鮫ヶ尾城)

A castle once located in Myoukou City, Niigata Prefecture belonging to vassals of the Uesugi Clan.

The date of its construction is undetermined, but during the 1500s the Uesugi (Nagao) Clan used it as a defensive fortress to protect and service the highway through the northern provinces.

During the Otate no Ran, Horie Munechika welcomed Uesugi Kagetora into the castle, seated on the only viable escape route into the Kantou, after the surrender of Kasugayama Castle to Uesugi Kagekatsu. However, Munechika had already been persuaded to betray Kagetora, and he set fire to the outer citadel before evacuating. Samegao fell to Kagekatsu's general offensive two days later.

Sanuki-no-kuni (讃岐国)

A ancient province located on Shikoku which bordered on the provinces of Awa and Iyo, now called Kagawa Prefecture. During the Sengoku Period, Sanuki belonged to the Miyoshi Clan before it was taken over by Chousokabe Motochika, then Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Sapporo-shi (札幌市)

Sapporo is the capital and largest city of Hokkaido, the northernmost of the major Japanese islands. Its name comes from the indigenous Ainu language and means "dry, great river".

Seibu Dome (西武ドーム)

A indoor baseball stadium located in Tokorozawa City, Saitama Prefecture, originally built in 1979 without the roof. It is home field of the Saitama Seibu Lions professional baseball team.

Seishou Bypass (西湘バイパス)

The Seishou Bypass, or West Shounan Bypass, is a toll road in Kanagawa Prefecture owned and managed by Central Nippon Expressway Company. It is designated as a bypass for National Route 1 and closely follows the coastline of Sagami Bay, facilitating access between the Tokyo urban area and the city of Odawara. It was first opened in 1967 and completed in 1972.

Sendai Museum (仙台市博物館)

A history and natural museum founded in Sendai City in 1961, located at the ruins of the Third Wing of Aoba Castle. At the core of its collection is material concerned the history of Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, and the Date Clan

Sendai-eki (仙台駅)

A railroad station located in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, built in 1887.

Sendai-shi (仙台市)

The capital city of Miyagi Prefecture, it is also the largest city in the northeast region of Japan. It is home to one million people, and is aptly nicknamed Mori no Miyako, the Capital of Trees.

Senjoujiki (千畳敷)

A flat glassy area at an elevation of 333m (1093 ft) located in Susa which overlooks the Sea of Japan and several islands. It contains a campground, cafe, and hiking trail.

Senjoukaku (千畳閣)

Also known as: Toyokuni Shrine, Houkoku Shrine

A shrine on Itsuku Island which is a subordinate shrine to Itsuku Island Shrine. Its area encompasses 857 tatami mats, which appears to be how it got its popular name (Senjou = 1,000 tatami). It was founded as a grand library by Ankokuji Ekei at Toyotomi Hideyoshi's command based on Hideyoshi's desire to read a thousand sutras. Its ceiling and outer structure were only completed after Hideyoshi's death.

Sensai-bashi (千歳橋)

Lit.: Thousand-Year-Old Bridge; bridge across the Metoba River on Daimyochou Avenue which leads to Matsumoto Castle.

Seto-gawa (瀬戸川)

A river which flows through Seto City in Aichi Prefecture. It is known for the pottery shops along its banks.

Settsu-no-kuni

Also known as: Tsu-no-kuni (津国), Sesshuu-no-kuni (摂州)

A province of ancient Japan which is the eastern part of Hyougo Prefecture and the northern part of Osaka Prefecture today. During the Sengoku Era, the Miyoshi Clan ruled the province as well as its bordering provinces Izumi and Kawachi, until they were conquered by Oda Nobunaga.

Shiba Kouen (芝公園)

Shiba Park, created on October 19, 1873, is a public park located in Minato, Tokyo. It was built around the much older San'en-zan Zoujou Temple, the main temple of the Joudo-shuu ("Pure Land") Chinzei sect of Buddhism in the Kantou region.

Its spacious grounds, around 30 acres in total, hold the Shiba Toushou Shrine as well as a giant ginkgo tree believed to have been planted there by Tokugawa Iemitsu, a designated Natural Monument.

Many footpaths in the park offer an excellent view of Tokyo Tower, making it a popular location for dates and filming.

Shibuya (渋谷)

The district around Shibuya Station in the Ward of Shibuya in Tokyo, located between Ebisu and Harajuku, known as a major commercial and entertainment center.

Shibuya-ku (渋谷区)

One of Tokyo's twenty-three special wards (self-governing, special municipalities existing only in Tokyo) which contains many well-known commercial and residential districts.

Shigi-san (信貴山)

Mount Shigi is located in the northwest of Nara Prefecture. It holds the Chougosonshi Temple, built in dedication to Bishamonten. It also held Shigisan Castle, which was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga.

Shigisan-jou (信貴山城)

A castle located on Mount Shigi, controlled by the Kizawa and Matsunaga clans. It was constructed in 1536 by Kizawa Nagamasa, who commanded it on behalf of the Hatakeyama Clan, then repaired and expanded by Matsunaga Hisahide, who commanded it on behalf of the Miyoshi Clan.

The castle was destroyed by Oda Nobunaga in the Siege of Shigisan in 1577, in which Matsunaga Hisahide was killed.

Shijou Oohashi (四条大橋)

A busy four-arched steel girder bridge which spans the Kamo Riverview map location in Kyoto. According to Yasaka Shrine's records, the original bridge was built in 1142 from temple-solicited funds. The bridge was rebuilt and widened numerous times in subsequent years after being damaged or swept away by floods.

A stone bridge was constructed in 1857 during the final days of the Tokugawa shogunate, and a iron one replaced it in 1874 with a toll enacted to amortize construction costs. Upon the opening of the Kyoto Municipal Railway in 1913 and the widening of the highway, the bridge was rebuilt with arches using reinforced concrete. However, the 1934 Muroto typhoon and June floods of 1935 caused driftwood and other debris to block the arches, resulting in additional water damage to the surround areas. The Kamo River was dredged and the current bridge built in 1942.

Shimane-ken (島根県)

A prefecture located in the south-western part Honshu island, Japan.

Shimotsuke-no-kuni (下野国)

An ancient province of Japan held by various daimyo in the Sengoku Period which is now the prefecture of Tochigi.

Shinano-no-kuni (信濃国)

An ancient province of Japan which is now the Prefecture of Nagano. Its abbreviated name is Shinshuu. Shinano was one of Takeda Shingen's centers of power during his battles with Uesugi Kenshin and bordered on the provinces of Echigo, Etchu, Hida, Kai, Kozuke, Mikawa, Mino, Musashi, Suruga, and Totomi. Its capital was located near the present-day city of Matsumoto.

Shinetsu-chihou (信越)

The region in north-central Japan consisting of the provinces of Shinano and Echigo, present-day Nagano and Niigata. The name is a combination of the first characters of the two provinces.

Shinjuku (新宿)

One of Tokyo's twenty-three special wards (self-governing, special municipalities existing only in Tokyo), a major commercial and administrative center. Home to the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building, Tokyo's tallest building, where political and public administration of Tokyo takes place. Also a major urban-transit hub and the location of one of Tokyo's largest public transport interchanges, Shinjuku Station.

Shinjuku Koma Gekijou (新宿コマ劇場)

The Shinjuku Koma Theater was a landmark of Kabuki-chou, Shinjuku, a major theater which has hosted many top performers. It was built in 1956, closed in December, 2008, and demolished in 2009.

Shinjuku-eki (新宿駅)

Shinjuku Station is a major connection hub for inter-city and commuter rails and Tokyo's subway system, located in Tokyo's Shinjuku and Shibuya wards. The station is the busiest train station in the world in terms of number of passengers and has over 200 exits.

Shinma Kingdom (眞魔国)

Lit. "True Demon Kingdom"; the kingdom of the Mazoku of which Yuuri is king, founded by the Shinou after he defeated the Soushu. Divided into the terrories under direct control of the Maou and those ruled by the Ten Aristocratic Houses. Its human-shaped population is about 50 million, but also has a great variety of other races, such as the Kotsuhizoku.

The name "Shinma Kingdom" is actually an abbreviation; its true name is "the kingdom founded by the great Shinou and the powerful, wise, and courageous Mazoku who—ah, it must not be forgotten are said to be the origin of everything in the world—defeated the Soushu and his army to their eternal glory" (偉大なる眞王とその民たる魔族に栄えあれああ世界の全ては我等魔族から始まったのだということを忘れてはならない創主たちをも打ち倒した力と叡知と勇気をもって魔族の繁栄は永遠なるものなり王国).

Shinonoi-machi (篠ノ井町)

Lit.: Bamboo-grass Well; a town in Nagano Prefecture.

Shinshuu (信州)

Abbreviated name for Shinano, an ancient province in central Japan.

Shinshuu Daigaku (信州大学)

Also known as: Shindai (信大)

Shinshuu University is a Japanese national university located in Nagano Prefecture with five campuses, one of which is located in Matsumoto City. It was founded in 1949. The Arts and Humanities, Medicine, and Science departments are located in Matsumoto.

Shiroishi (白石)

A castle town just south of Sendai which was controlled by a retainer of Uesugi Kagekatsu in the late 1500s. Date Masamune and Mogami Yoshiaki laid siege to this castle in the beginning part of the Battle of Sekigahara in the north and successfully captured it.

The town would later be administrated by Date Masamune's vassal, Katakura Kojuurou Kagetsuna, given to him by Masamune in 1602. As lord of the town, Kojuurou redesigned and expanded the roads and sewage and water canals.

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