A prefecture formed from the ancient provinces of Totomi, Suruga, and Izu.
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Shoukon Temple is the small temple at the top of Saijo-yama.
Also known as: Ken'ou Expressway (Ken'ou-dou/圏央道)
The Metropolitan Inter-City Expressway is a tolled expressway built in an arc around the Tokyo metropolitan area, passing through the prefectures of Kanagawa, Tokyo, Saitama, Ibaraki, and Chiba. Construction started on its first bypass on March 30, 1988, and the expressway was given the designation National Highway Route 468 on April 1, 1993. Construction is expected to continue at least until 2015.
A human kingdom neighboring Shinma Kingdom by sea, it is hostile towards Shinma at the beginning.
Souun Park encompasses the entire mountain behind Souun Temple. Evergreen trees like beeches and evergreen oaks grow in abundance on the mountain, and it is a protected habitat for the tiny Euterpnosia chibensis cicada, which is nicknamed the "devotional cicada" because its chirping sounds like sutra chanting.
Souun Temple is a Buddhist temple of the Rinzai School located in Hakone, Kanagawa Prefecture. Its principle buddha is Sakyamuni. Within the temple are the tombs of five generations of the Houjou Clan as well as a monument to the renga poet Sougi and portraits of Houjou Souun, Houjou Ujitsuna, and Houjou Ujiyasu.
The temple was built by Ujitsuna in 1521 by the last request of Houjou Souun. The army of Toyotomi Hideyoshi used it as its headquarters during the Siege of Odawara in 1590 and later burned it to the ground. It was later restored by the monk Kikukei in 1627 and given official temple status in 1648.
A temple of the Kouyasan-Shingon sect, Shikoku's Star Valley Temple is located in Katsuura Town. Its chief object of worship is Ekādaśamukha, the Eleven-Faced Kannon. It is the inner sanctuary of Tatsue Temple, the 19th temple of the 88 temples of Shikoku. It was said to have been built by Kuukai in 792.
Legend says that long ago, Kuukai pulled down an evil star that was causing misfortune to people and sealed it in this temple's rockery. When the evil star turned into a stone, this stone was enshrined.
Studio Alta is a seven-floor multi-purpose studio constructed in 1980 located on the east side of Shinjuku Station. It is known for its giant video screen overlooking the square outside the station and is a popular rendezvous spot.
Also known as: Andon-yama Kohun (Mt. Andon Burial Mound)
The Sujin Imperial Tomb is the officially designated imperial tomb/burial mound of Emperor Sujin, who is listed as the tenth emperor of Japan. It is located in Tenri City, Yanagimoto Town near Nara City. It is keyhole-shaped and has a span of 265 yards and a height of 69 feet, constructed in the Tumulus Period (250-552 AD).
A shrine located in Tateyama City, Chiba Prefecture. Its enshrined deity is Amanohirinome-no-mikoto.
The eastern part of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, ruled by the Imagawa clan for much of the Sengoku Period. It was later taken over by Takeda Shingen when Imagawa Yoshimoto was defeated by Oda Nobunaga. When Tokugawa Ieyasu came to power the province was assigned to one of his allies.
High sea cliffs in Susa composed of metamorphic rock.
A Human country which lies south of Shinma Kingdom across a wide river.
The largest lake in Nagano Prefecture, Lake Suwa extends into the cities of Suwa and Okayashi, and Shimosuwa Town of Suwa County. It has many surrounding natural hot springs and is a designated Protected Lake.
It is said that Takeda Shingen's will stated that he was to be laid to rest in a stone coffin with his armor in Lake Suwa.
Another legend associated with Lake Suwa is the Omiwatari (御神渡), or God's Crossing/Divine Crossing. In the legend, the god Takeminakata-no Mikoto leaves his home in the Kamisha to visit his consort, the goddess Yasakatome-no Mikoto in the Shimosha, six miles away, by crossing over the frozen surface of the lake. The ice cracks with a large booming sound and juts upward. This phenomenon was observed in 2004 and on Jan. 10, 2006, where the ice thrusted up to a height of around 60 centimeters.
A 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) cave discovered on January 15th, 1921 on the north-east edge of Akiyoshi Plateau. It has a five-story structure connected by shafts with a natural limestone bridge and rich stalagmites.
The Taiyuu Mausoleum is the lavish mausoleum of the third Tokugawa Shogun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, built by his son Ietsuna in 1653. Its architecture and layout resembles that of Toushou Shrine, and features both Buddhist and Shinto structures, though built on a more modest scale than Toushou Shrine out of Iemitsu's respect for his grandfather Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Takamatsu City is a port city located on the Seto Inland Sea in central Kagawa Prefecture on the island of Shikoku. It was the capital of the Matsudaira clan during the Edo Period and flourished as a castle town and the port closest to Honshuu on Shikoku. The city was heavily bombed by Allied Forces during World War II because it was thought to contain industry vital to the war effort.
Takao Station is an above-ground JR East/Keiou railway station located in Hachiouji City, Tokyo. It serves around 58,700 people per day for the two companies.
The (Metropolitan) Takao-Jinba Natural Park is a mountainous district east of Hachiouji City and was designated a natural park in 1950. The area is well-known for its abundance of flora and fauna and is crisscrossed with hiking trails.
A castle located in the city of Takatsuki in Osaka, it was said to have been built as a small fort in 990, but is first mentioned by name in written records of the Battle of Katsura-kawara of 1527 when Yakushiji Kuninaga of Yamazaki Castle attacked Hatano Motokiyo, and Takatsuki Castle fell.
When Miyoshi Nagayoshi made Akutagawayama Castle his main castle in 1553, Takatsuki Castle became one of his supporting castles with Irie Harutsugu as its lord. After Nagayoshi died in 1564, the Miyoshi Three took control of the region, but when Nobunaga attacked Settsu, both Akutagawayama and Takatsuki fell on Sept. 28, 1568.
Wada Koremasa took over both castles the next year, but perished at the Battle of Shirai-kawara.
Takayama Tomoteru and his son Takayama Ukon took control of the castle in 1576.
Lit.: "Waterfall-mountain Castle"
Ooishi Sadashige, Musashi-no-Kami and vassal of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi Clan, built Takiyama Castle in 1521. In 1546, Houjou Ujiyasu took Kawagoe in a night battle (the Battle of Kawagoe Castle, destroying the Ougigayatsu-Uesugi Clan and erasing the influence of the Yamanouchi-Uesugi Clan in Musashi. Sadashige's son Ooishi Sadahisa adopted Houjou Ujiteru as his heir, then later became a vassal of the Houjou Clan. Ujiteru took over as the master of the castle and made massive repairs to it around 1558.
In 1569, Takeda Shingen's army of 20,000 camped to the north of the castle en route to an assault on Odawara Castle. A small force of 1,000 led by Oyamada Nobushige attacked from Kobotoke Ridge, penetrating all the way to the outermost walls, but a force of 2,000 Houjou troops staved off the attack.
However, following his near-defeat, Ujiteru decided that the castle's defenses were not optimal and abandoned it in favor of Hachiouji Castle.
Tamanawa was a mountain castle built by Houjou Souun in 1513 as a strategic point guarding over the Miura Peninsula and Musashi Province. Its moat ran directly into Kashio River and from there into Sagami Bay, providing a launching point for sea battles.
The castle was reputed to be impregnable; it turned aside a combined force led by Satomi Yoshitoyo and Ashikaga Yoshiaki in 1526 as well as further attacks by the Satomi Clan. Both Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen gave up on its capture in their forays into Sagami. The last Houjou master of the castle, Houjou Ujikatsu, surrendered to Toyotomi Hideyoshi in the Siege of Odawara.
During the Edo Period, the castle was the stronghold of several trusted retainers of the Tokugawa before finally being abandoned in 1703. A girls' school (<a href="http://izumi.seisen-h.ed.jp/">Seisen Junior and Senior High School</a>) is now located at the castle's former site. Only the earthworks of its highest point remain, though even those are difficult to discern through the thick trees and shrubs that cover the area.
Also known as: Tamonyama-jou (多聞山城)
A castle built by Matsunaga Hisahide, located in Nara City. It was named for Tamonten (another name for Bishamonten).
Hisahide began construction of the castle in 1560 and finished two years later. When Hisahide rebelled against Oda Nobunaga in 1573 and lost, Tamon Castle passed into the hands of Akechi Mitsuhide, then Shibata Katsuie. When Nobunaga made Tsutsui Junkei governor-general of Yamato in 1577, he ordered Tamon Castle to be torn down. Many of its stones were used in the fortification of Tsutsui Castle and Kooriyama Castle. Hisahide died the following year at Shigisan Castle.
Nothing now remains of the castle. The municiple Wakakusa Middle School stands on its former site.
The Tanzawa Mountains, or Tanzawa Mountain Range, covers the northwestern part of Kanagawa Prefecture and touches the borders of Shizuoka Prefecture to the west and Yamanashi Prefecture to the north.
There are several mountains called Mt. Tate ("tate" meaning "mansion" or "small castle") in Japan. The Mt. Tate referenced in the Houjou arc of Mirage of Blaze is located near the south-western tip of Chiba Prefecture. It was a part of Awa-no-kuni in the Sengoku Era and ruled by the Satomi Clan, who built Tateyama Castle there. Tateyama City grew out of the old castle town.
Also called: Suwafuji (i.e. the Fuji of Suwa)
A mountain located in Nagano Prefecture and among the 100 famous mountains of Japan.
One of Akechi Mitsuhide's inner circle who dies in the attack on Kokuzou Shrine.
A train station located in Tenri City in Nara which opened in 1898.
A city located in Nara Prefecture, founded on April 1, 1954. The Tenrikyo religion, for which the city is named, originated there.
A prefecture located in the south-central region of Honshu Island, Japan.
Mountains located in Nagano Prefecture. Also the current name of a town formerly known as Togakure.
The Tokaido, or East Sea Road, was the major highway that connected Edo and Kyoto during the Edo Period. It followed the sea coast of Eastern Honshuu and originally had 53 government rest stations where travelers had to present traveling permits. It was the most important of the five major roads of the Edo Period in Japan, started by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1601 in order to consolidate his power over the country.
The Tokaido Main Line is the part of the Japan Railway connecting Tokyo Station and Kobe Station (Kobe Prefecture). It is operated by three JR companies and is the busiest JR line.
A city in Saitama Prefecture, established in 1950 and located about 30 km west of downtown Tokyo.
Also known as: Edo (江戸)
Lit.: "Eastern Capital", the capital of Japan, the administrative center of Japan and its most populous city.
Tokugawa Ieyasu moved into Edo Castle in 1590 and made Edo his base when he became the shogun in 1603.
In 1868 the Emperor Meiji renamed Edo "Tokyo". He moved to Tokyo from Kyoto in 1869, making it the de facto capital of Japan.
Tokyo Zokei University is a private art college located in Hachiouji City, Tokyo. It was established in 1966 by Kuwasawa Youko of the Kuwasawa Design Institute. The university was originally built in Moto-Hachiouji-machi. The entire campus was moved to Utsunuki-machi in 1993, apparently because of a large-scale modification of the campus building contract and design.
A train station located in the Tokyo metropolitan area, called the doorway to Tokyo. It is one of the busiet train stations in Japan, with more than 4000 arrivals and departures daily. The station opened in 1914 and is a massive complex with underground passageways to surrounding commercial and shopping buildings.
An ancient province located in south-central Japan, now the western part of Shizuoka prefecture. Tootoumi was controlled by the Imagawa Clan during the Sengoku Period; when Imagawa Yoshimoto fell to Oda Nobunaga, Takeda Shingen and Tokugawa Ieyasu both invaded it and partitioned it between them. During the Edo Period, Hamamatsu-han and Kakegawa-han were established in Tootoumi, ruled by a hereditary vassal of the Tokugawa Clan.
Toshimaen is an amusement park owned by the Seibu Group and is one of the biggest in Japan. Parts of it were built in 1926, and it is famous for being Japan's first to have a pool, opened in 1929.
Tottori is the capital city of Tottori Prefecture in the Chuugoku region of Japan. It is best known for its sand dunes, which are a popular tourist attraction.
Also known as: Kyouou Godoku Ji: "Temple of Ruler of the Faith, Guardian of the Country" (教王護国寺).
Lit.: "Eastern Temple"; the guardian temple of Kyoto, founded by the Muromachi shogun Ashikaga Takauji in 794. The founder of the Shingon sect of Esoteric Buddhism, Kuukai, was put in charge of the temple by Emperor Saga in 823. The principle image of the temple is Yakushi Nyorai, the Buddha who cures all ills.
The Toubu Nikkou Station, located in Tochigi Prefecture, is a railway station on a branch of the Nikkou Line which links Saitama, Gunma, and Tochigi.
Lit. "Great Eastern Temple". A famous Buddhist temple complex first established by Emperor Shoumu in 743, located in Nara City. It is a World Heritage site, part of the seven "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara", and many of its temples and other structures are listed as National Treasures of Japan. Its Daibutsuden (大仏殿), or Great Buddha Hall, houses a sixteen-meter-high (52-foot) bronze statue of Dainichi Nyorai (also known as Daibutsu) and is reportedly the largest wooden building in the world. Deer roam the grounds freely.
The statue of Dainichi Nyorai, which is the largest in Japan, has been recast several times, and the Daibutsuden has been rebuilt twice after fire, with the current building finished in 1709 after it was burned down during the Matsunaga Hisahide-Miyoshi conflict in 1567. The two 28-foot guardian Niou at the Great Southern Gate temple entrance were dismantled and repaired by two teams of 13 and 12 art experts from 1988 to 1991? 1993?.
The surrounding gardens and temples are today considered part of the Toudai templex complex.
Other structures of the temple complex listed as National Treasures of Japan are:
- Nandai-mon (南大門)—Great Southern Gate: destroyed by a hurricane in 962, rebuilt in 1199 according to an architectural style used in the Chinese Song dynasty.
- Kaizan-dou (開山堂)—Hall of the Founder: a temple built to house the wooden image of the first chief abbot, created in the 9th century. Its inner sanctuary was built in 1200, its nave built in 1250.
- Shourou (鐘楼)—Bell Tower: built in the beginning of the 13th century, the Bell Tower houses a temple bell cast in 752 and was the largest of its kind until the Middle Ages.
- Hokke-dou/Sangatsu-dou (法華堂/三月堂)—Hall of the Flowering Dharma/Hall of the Third Month: this temple stands on the eastern side of the compound at the base of the Wakakusa Mountain Range. It is one of the few structures remaining from the Nara Period and is thought to have been completed in 743. A dozen or so statues of buddhas are enshrined in this temple. Its principle buddha is Fukuukenjaku Kannon.
- Nigatsu-dou (二月堂)—Hall of the Second Month: a temple named after the sacred water-drawing ceremony, a type of Buddhist mass, held in the second month of the lunar calendar. The temple was burned down from a fire set accidentally during one of these rites in 1667 and was rebuilt 2 years later. The temple houses two eleven-faced Goddesses of Mercy called the Large Goddess of Mercy (Oogannon—大観音) and the Small Goddess of Mercy (Kogannon—小観音). No one is allowed to look upon these mysterious goddesses. The temple itself was named a National Treasure in December, 2005.
- Tegai-mon (転害門)—Revolving Evil Gate: an eight-foot gate which stands in the north-west of the compound, one of the few structures that escaped both the battle-fire of Taira no Shigehira in 1180 and the Miyoshi-Matsunaga conflict in 1567. It was repaired in the Kamakura Period, but is still fundamentally the structure as it was built in the Nara Period.
The Touhoku (Northeast) University Hospital is a research hospital affiliated with Touhoku University in Sendai.
Touhoku University was founded in 1907 as Touhoku Imperial University, the third imperial university in Japan. It was comprised of the colleges of Agriculture and Science. The College of Agriculture was transferred in 1918 to Hokkaido Imperial University and transferred back in 1947. It is now divided into the three divisions of Biological Resource Science, Life Science, andBioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, as well as the Field Science Center for research.
The Graduate School of Agricultural Science is located in the north-central part of Sendai City.
Also known as: Michinoku (みちのく)
The northeast area of Japan's main island of Honshuu, the Touhoku consists of the prefectures of Akita, Aomori, Fukushima, Iwate, Miyagi and Yamagata. It is a mountainous region which is known for having breathtaking scenery but a harsh climate.
Lit.: "Eastern Sea Area"; the region of Japan south of Tokyo along the Pacific Ocean.
Toushou Shrines (lit. "Light of the East" or "Illumination of the East") are Shinto shrines in which Tokugawa Ieyasu is enshrined as a holy incarnation of a buddha along the shinbutsu shuugou (merging of Shintoism and Buddhism) beliefs, which put forth the idea that Japanese gods are local manifestations of Indian buddhas come to lead the Japanese people to salvation. Ieyasu is worshiped as such a deity, and around 130 Toushou Shrines are still in existence in Japan.
The Toushou Shrine in Nikkou, the most famous of the Toushou Shrines, was built in 1617 and dedicated to Tokugawa Ieyasu when his son Tokugawa Hidetada was shogun of Japan. Five structures in the shrine complex are National Treasures of Japan. A bronze urn enshrined there contains Ieyasu's remains.
Another Toushou Shrine is located in the city of Shizuoka in Shizuoka Prefecture on Mount Kunou. It was Ieyasu's original burial site and thus the oldest Toushou Shrine in the country.
A third Toushou Shrine is located on Mt. Hourai in Shinshiro City, Aichi Prefecture. It was built by the third Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Iemitsu, and completed in 1651.
These three shrines are known as the 'Three Great Toushou Shrines.'
In total there around around fifty Toushou Shrines around Japan, including:
- Shiba Toushou Shrine located in Minato Ward, Tokyo
- Nagoya Toushou Shrine located in Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture
- Sendai Toushou Shrine located in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture
A castle which was thought to have been built by Mizukoshi Katsushige at the command of his lord Jinbou Nagamoto, Ecchuu-no-kami, in 1543, but recent excavation suggests that it may be have built before, during the Muromachi Shogunate (1336 - 1573). The castle was located pretty much at the center of Ecchuu, at a strategic juncture between Hida Province and the North-Central (Hokuriku) Road, and for that reason was a hotly-contested territory by the Shiina Clan of Matsukura Castle, the Uesugi Clan of Echigo, and the Ikkou-ikki.
In 1582, Sassa Narimasa of the Oda Clan became master of the castle, and he performed large-scale repairs. After Oda's death, Toyotomi Hideyoshi laid siege to the castle in 1585 with 10,000 troops and took the castle from Narimasa. Thereafter the Maeda Clan became masters of the castle, but large parts of it was destroyed by fire in 1609. The castle was abandoned but reclaimed again by Maeda Toshitsugu, who founded Toyama-han and made Toyama Castle his main castle. The castle was home to 13 generations of the Maeda Clan thereafter.
The castle was abandoned again in the Meiji Period. The current structure was rebuilt after World War II and is now part of a park at the center of Toyama City.